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Italian ironclad Italia
''Italia'' was an Italian ironclad battleship build for the Italian ''Regia Marina'' (Royal Navy), the lead ship of the . She and her single sister ship, , had lengthy construction times. ''Italia'' was laid down in January 1876, launched in September 1880, and completed in October 1885. She was armed with a main battery of four guns mounted in a central barbette and was capable of a top speed of . Unusually, for ships of that era, ''Italia'' had an armored deck rather the typical than belt armor.
''Italia'' spent the first two decades of her career in the Active and Reserve Squadrons, where she took part in annual training maneuvers with the rest of the fleet. She was withdrawn from service in 1905 for a significant modernization. Upon returning to service in 1909, ''Italia'' was employed as a training ship. During the Italo-Turkish War of 1911–12, the ship provided fire support to Italian troops defending Tripoli in Libya. She was used as a floating battery at Brindisi after Italy entered World War I in 1915. The ship was rebuilt as a grain carrier in December 1917 – June 1918. ''Italia'' served in this capacity for only a short time, being stricken in November 1921 and then scrapped.
==Design==
(詳細はlong overall and had a beam of and an average draft of . She displaced normally and up to at full load. Her propulsion system consisted of four compound steam engines each driving a single screw propeller, with steam supplied by eight coal-fired, oval boilers and sixteen fire-tube boilers. Her engines produced a top speed of at . She could steam for at a speed of . She had a crew of 669–701 officers and men.〔Gardiner, p. 341〕
''Italia'' was armed with a main battery of four guns, mounted in two pairs ''en echelon'' in a central barbette. Three guns were 26-caliber guns, while the fourth was a slightly longer 27-caliber version. She carried a secondary battery of seven 26-caliber guns and four 23-caliber guns. As was customary for capital ships of the period, she carried four torpedo tubes. Unlike other ships built at the time, ''Italia'' dispensed with vertical belt armor. Her designer, Benedetto Brin, believed that contemporary steel alloys could not effectively defeat armor-piercing shells of the day, and so he discarded it completely. ''Italia'' was instead protected by an armored deck that was thick. Her conning tower was armored with 4 in of steel plate. The barbette had of steel armor.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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